This early photograph was taken in San Francisco during 1923-1924, respectively, of the Russian side of our family. They were considered refugees, at the time, escaping the "Red Terror" that was sweeping through Russia, as the Bolshevik Communists assumed power. Standing left-center was our Grandfather, who was a "White" soldier loyal to the Tsarist regime. During the Bolshevik Revolution 1905, fearing for his family's safety, they escaped from the Penza Oblast Salient, and traveled east through the Trans-Siberian and Trans-Manchurian railway, until they reached Harbin, China. Harbin was known to be a safe haven for Whites escaping from the Red communists. From there, they then sailed for Hawai'i, and then to the United States. They arrived in San Francisco still fearing the retaliation from the communists, should they be identified. It must be noted that they came to the United States via Hawai'i legally, mind you!
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